Linux查看系统硬件信息

CPU

lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的统计信息.

架构：                   x86_64
  CPU 运行模式：         32-bit, 64-bit
  Address sizes:         46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
  字节序：               Little Endian
CPU:                     32
  在线 CPU 列表：        0-31
厂商 ID：                GenuineIntel
  型号名称：             Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-14900K
    CPU 系列：           6
    型号：               183
    每个核的线程数：     2
    每个座的核数：       24
    座：                 1
    步进：               1
    CPU 最大 MHz：       6000.0000
    CPU 最小 MHz：       800.0000
    BogoMIPS：           6374.40
Virtualization features: 
  虚拟化：               VT-x
Caches (sum of all):     
  L1d:                   896 KiB (24 instances)
  L1i:                   1.3 MiB (24 instances)
  L2:                    32 MiB (12 instances)
  L3:                    36 MiB (1 instance)

查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个CPU的型号，主频等。

processor       : 0
vendor_id       : GenuineIntel
cpu family      : 6
model           : 183
model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-14900K
stepping        : 1
microcode       : 0x123
cpu MHz         : 5700.000
cache size      : 36864 KB
physical id     : 0
siblings        : 32
core id         : 0
cpu cores       : 24
apicid          : 0
initial apicid  : 0
fpu             : yes
fpu_exception   : yes
cpuid level     : 32
wp              : yes
bogomips        : 6374.40
clflush size    : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes   : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual

内存

概要查看内存情况 free -m

               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
内存：     128565        1779      119753          30        7032      125537
交换：       2047           0        2047

这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是128565MB，125GB。

查看内存详细使用 cat /proc/meminfo

MemTotal:       131651132 kB
MemFree:        122631716 kB
MemAvailable:   128555612 kB
Buffers:          232144 kB
Cached:          6590220 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:          2320512 kB
Inactive:        5717128 kB
Active(anon):    1246804 kB
...

查看内存硬件信息 dmidecode -t memory

# dmidecode 3.3
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.6.0 present.
# SMBIOS implementations newer than version 3.5.0 are not
# fully supported by this version of dmidecode.

Handle 0x003B, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
        Location: System Board Or Motherboard
        Use: System Memory
        Error Correction Type: None
        Maximum Capacity: 128 GB
        Error Information Handle: Not Provided
        Number Of Devices: 4
....

磁盘

查看硬盘和分区分布 lsblk

NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0         7:0    0     4K  1 loop /snap/bare/5
loop1         7:1    0  74.2M  1 loop /snap/core22/1122
loop2         7:2    0  74.2M  1 loop /snap/core22/1380
loop3         7:3    0 266.6M  1 loop /snap/firefox/3836
loop4         7:4    0 270.7M  1 loop /snap/firefox/4336
loop5         7:5    0   497M  1 loop /snap/gnome-42-2204/141
loop6         7:6    0  91.7M  1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1535
loop7         7:7    0  12.9M  1 loop /snap/snap-store/1113
loop8         7:8    0  12.3M  1 loop /snap/snap-store/959
loop9         7:9    0  40.4M  1 loop /snap/snapd/20671
loop10        7:10   0  38.8M  1 loop /snap/snapd/21759
loop11        7:11   0   452K  1 loop /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/83
nvme0n1     259:0    0   1.8T  0 disk 
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2    0   1.8T  0 part /var/snap/firefox/common/host-hunspell
                                      /

查看硬盘和分区的详细信息 fdisk -l

Disk /dev/loop0：4 KiB，4096 字节，8 个扇区
单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


Disk /dev/loop1：74.21 MiB，77819904 字节，151992 个扇区
单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


Disk /dev/loop2：74.24 MiB，77844480 字节，152040 个扇区
单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

...

网卡

查看网卡硬件信息 lspci | grep -i 'eth'

04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8125 2.5GbE Controller (rev 05)

查看系统的所有网络接口 ifconfig -a

enp4s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 111.111.111.111  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 111.111.111.255
        inet6 2011:db8:1002:6001::1:6a61  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0<global>
        inet6 fe20::cf4c:47t3:b1cb:cf48  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 10:ff:e0:24:5e:da  txqueuelen 1000  (以太网)
        RX packets 450593  bytes 582670909 (582.6 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 919  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 581501  bytes 639007622 (639.0 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (本地环回)
        RX packets 70580  bytes 23296633 (23.2 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 70580  bytes 23296633 (23.2 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如enp4s0的详细参数和指标 ethtool enp4s0

Settings for enp4s0:
        Supported ports: [ TP    MII ]
        Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                                1000baseT/Full
                                2500baseT/Full
        Supported pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
        Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
        Supported FEC modes: Not reported
        Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                                1000baseT/Full
                                2500baseT/Full
		...
        Speed: 1000Mb/s
        Duplex: Full
        Auto-negotiation: on
        master-slave cfg: preferred slave
        master-slave status: slave
        Port: Twisted Pair
		...

PCI

查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息 lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Device a700 (rev 01)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device a70d (rev 01)
00:02.0 Display controller: Intel Corporation Device a780 (rev 04)
00:06.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device a74d (rev 01)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Device 7a60 (rev 11)
00:14.2 RAM memory: Intel Corporation Device 7a27 (rev 11)
00:15.0 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Device 7a4c (rev 11)
00:15.1 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Device 7a4d (rev 11)
00:15.2 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Device 7a4e (rev 11)
00:15.3 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Device 7a4f (rev 11)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Device 7a68 (rev 11)
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Device 7a62 (rev 11)
00:19.0 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Device 7a7c (rev 11)
00:19.1 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Device 7a7d (rev 11)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 7a38 (rev 11)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 7a3a (rev 11)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Device 7a04 (rev 11)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Device 7a50 (rev 11)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Device 7a23 (rev 11)
00:1f.5 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Device 7a24 (rev 11)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 2684 (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation Device 22ba (rev a1)
02:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Device a80c
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8125 2.5GbE Controller (rev 05)

USB

查看USB信息 lsusb

Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 05e3:0608 Genesys Logic, Inc. Hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 413c:2113 Dell Computer Corp. KB216 Wired Keyboard
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 413c:301a Dell Computer Corp. Dell MS116 Optical Mouse
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 048d:5702 Integrated Technology Express, Inc. ITE Device
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

lshw

lshw查看所有硬件摘要信息

查看BIOS信息

dmidecode -t bios

# dmidecode 3.3
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 3.6.0 present.
# SMBIOS implementations newer than version 3.5.0 are not
# fully supported by this version of dmidecode.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 26 bytes
BIOS Information
        Vendor: American Megatrends International, LLC.
        Version: F1
        Release Date: 12/22/2023
        Address: 0xF0000
        Runtime Size: 64 kB
        ROM Size: 32 MB
        Characteristics:
                PCI is supported
                BIOS is upgradeable
                BIOS shadowing is allowed
                Boot from CD is supported
                Selectable boot is supported
                BIOS ROM is socketed
                EDD is supported
                Japanese floppy for NEC 9800 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)
                Japanese floppy for Toshiba 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)
                5.25"/360 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
                Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
                Serial services are supported (int 14h)
                Printer services are supported (int 17h)
                CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
                ACPI is supported
                USB legacy is supported
                BIOS boot specification is supported
                Targeted content distribution is supported
                UEFI is supported
        BIOS Revision: 5.27

Handle 0x0069, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
BIOS Language Information
        Language Description Format: Long
        Installable Languages: 14
                en|US|iso8859-1
                zh|TW|unicode
                zh|CN|unicode
                ru|RU|iso8859-5
                de|DE|iso8859-1
                ja|JP|unicode
                ko|KR|unicode
                es|ES|iso8859-1
                fr|FR|iso8859-1
                pt|PT|iso8859-1
                .
                .
                ..............
                .
        Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1

dmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的最大配置，比如说支持的最大内存数等。

如果要查看所有有用信息 dmidecode -q 里面包含了很多硬件信息。